Gerund vs. infinitive (gerundio vs. infinitivo)

The problem (el problema)

In Spanish, when one verb follows another, the second verb is almost always in the infinitive: quiero nadar, necesito estudiar, evito conducir.

🔹 En español, cuando un verbo sigue a otro, el segundo verbo casi siempre va en infinitivo: quiero nadar, necesito estudiar, evito conducir.

In English, this is different. Some verbs are followed by a gerund (verb + -ing), and others by an infinitive (to + verb). You have to learn which form each verb takes, because there is no general rule that covers all cases.

🔹 En inglés, esto es diferente. Algunos verbos van seguidos de un gerundio (verbo + -ing), y otros de un infinitivo (to + verbo). Hay que aprender qué forma lleva cada verbo, porque no hay una regla general que cubra todos los casos.

Compare:

I avoid driving at night. (Evito conducir de noche). => gerund (-ing)

I want to drive. (Quiero conducir). => infinitive (to + verb)

In Spanish, both sentences use the infinitive (conducir). In English, you have to choose between -ing and to depending on the first verb.

🔹 En español, ambas oraciones usan el infinitivo (conducir). En inglés, hay que elegir entre -ing y to según el primer verbo.

Verbs followed by a gerund (verbos seguidos de gerundio)

These verbs are followed by verb + -ing:

🔹 Estos verbos van seguidos de verbo + -ing:

enjoy [ɪn'dʒɔɪ] (disfrutar) => I enjoy reading.

finish ['fɪnɪʃ] (terminar) => She finished eating.

avoid [ə'vɔɪd] (evitar) => He avoids driving at night.

mind [maɪnd] (importar) => Do you mind waiting?

suggest [sə'dʒɛst] (sugerir) => I suggest going early.

keep [ki:p] (seguir) => Keep working!

practice ['præktɪs] (practicar) => I practice speaking English.

consider [kən'sɪdər] (considerar) => She is considering moving.

imagine [ɪ'mædʒɪn] (imaginar) => Imagine living in Paris!

miss [mɪs] (echar de menos) => I miss living in Spain.

deny [dɪ'naɪ] (negar) => He denied stealing the money.

quit [kwɪt] (dejar) => She quit smoking.

Verbs followed by an infinitive (verbos seguidos de infinitivo)

These verbs are followed by to + verb:

🔹 Estos verbos van seguidos de to + verbo:

want [wɑnt] (querer) => I want to go.

need [ni:d] (necesitar) => She needs to study.

decide [dɪ'saɪd] (decidir) => We decided to stay.

plan [plæn] (planificar) => I plan to travel next year.

hope [hoʊp] (esperar) => He hopes to find a job.

promise ['prɑmɪs] (prometer) => She promised to call.

agree [ə'gri:] (estar de acuerdo) => They agreed to help.

refuse [rɪ'fju:z] (rechazar) => He refused to answer.

learn [lɜrn] (aprender) => I'm learning to cook.

seem [si:m] (parecer) => She seems to be happy.

afford [ə'fɔrd] (permitirse) => I can't afford to buy a car.

manage ['mænɪdʒ] (conseguir) => He managed to finish on time.

pretend [prɪ'tɛnd] (fingir) => She pretended to sleep.

offer ['ɔfər] (ofrecer) => He offered to help.

Verbs that take both (verbos que aceptan los dos)

Some verbs can take either a gerund or an infinitive, but the meaning changes:

🔹 Algunos verbos pueden llevar gerundio o infinitivo, pero el significado cambia:

Stop

She stopped smoking. (Ella dejó de fumar). => She doesn't smoke anymore.

She stopped to smoke. (Ella se detuvo para fumar). => She paused in order to smoke.

Remember

I remember locking the door. (Recuerdo haber cerrado la puerta). => I locked it, and I remember it.

I remembered to lock the door. (Me acordé de cerrar la puerta). => I didn't forget to do it.

Try

Try eating less sugar. (Prueba a comer menos azúcar). => experiment, see if it works

I tried to open the door. (Intenté abrir la puerta). => I made an effort

Forget

I'll never forget visiting Rome. (Nunca olvidaré haber visitado Roma). => a memory

I forgot to visit the museum. (Se me olvidó visitar el museo). => I didn't do it

Preposition + gerund (preposición + gerundio)

After a preposition, we always use the gerund, never the infinitive:

🔹 Después de una preposición, siempre usamos el gerundio, nunca el infinitivo:

interested in [ɪn] => I'm interested in learning French.

good at [æt] => She's good at cooking.

tired of [əv] => I'm tired of waiting.

afraid of [əv] => He's afraid of flying.

instead of [ɪn'stɛd əv] => Instead of driving, I walk.

before / after => Before leaving, I checked my phone.

without [wɪð'aʊt] => She left without saying goodbye.
Progress, Vol. 4
Progress, all volumes
Recuerdo activo

Releer parece una actividad productiva, pero no es el método más eficaz. Es mejor cerrar la página e intentar recordar lo que acabas de estudiar. El esfuerzo de reconstruir el material de memoria favorece la retención a largo plazo.