• Present simple
  • Questions and negatives (preguntas y negativos)
  • Conversation
• Past simple
  • Questions and negatives
  • Conversation
• Present progressive
  • Questions and negatives
  • Conversation

Present simple

We use the present simple for habits or facts.

🔹 Usamos el present simple para hábitos y verdades atemporales.

I work in an office. (Trabajo en una oficina).

She always eats breakfast at 8 am. (Ella siempre desayuna a las 8).

It rains a lot in London. (Llueve mucho en Londres).

Remember: in the third person singular, we add S (or ES) to the verb.

🔹 Recuerda: en la tercera persona del singular añadimos S (o ES) al verbo.

Questions and negatives (preguntas y negativos)

In questions and negatives, we use the auxiliary verb to do:

🔹 En las oraciones interrogativas y negativas usamos el verbo auxiliar to do:

Do you work on Saturdays? (¿Trabajas los sábados?)

She doesn't eat meat [mi:t] (carne).

Here are some common habit time expressions:

usually ['ju:ʒuəli] - normalmente

always ['ɔ:lweɪz] - siempre

sometimes ['sʌmtaɪmz] - a veces

never ['nɛvər] - nunca

every day - cada día

Conversation

Laura: Hi Pedro, what do you usually do on weekends?

Pedro: On Saturdays I usually go to the gym in the morning, and in the afternoon I go to the supermarket. On Sundays I always go to a restaurant with my family.

L: What is your favorite restaurant?

P: My favorite restaurant is La Barra, on 5th Avenue.

Past simple

We use the past simple for events that happened at a specific point in time in the past.

🔹 Usamos el past simple para eventos que ocurrieron en un punto específico del pasado.

Yesterday I went to the gym. (Ayer fui al gimnasio).

Last Monday she cooked dinner for us. (El lunes pasado ella cocinó la cena para nosotros).

Here are some common specific time expressions:

yesterday ['jɛstərdeɪ] - ayer

last night - anoche

last Monday - el lunes pasado

two days ago - hace dos días

Questions and negatives

In questions and negatives, we use did:

🔹 En las oraciones interrogativas y negativas usamos did:

Did you go to the party? (¿Fuiste a la fiesta?)

She didn't call me. (Ella no me llamó).

Conversation

María: What did you do last weekend?

Pedro: Last Saturday I went to a concert. On Sunday I cooked at home.

M: Nice! What did you cook?

P: I cooked pasta with vegetables.

Present progressive

We use the present progressive for actions that are happening right now. We build it with to be followed by verb + -ing.

🔹 Usamos el present progressive para acciones que están ocurriendo en este momento. Lo formamos con to be seguido de verbo + -ing.

I am reading a book right now. (Estoy leyendo un libro ahora mismo).

She is cooking dinner. (Ella está cocinando la cena).

Questions and negatives

We don't need an auxiliary verb, since we use to be:

🔹 No necesitamos verbo auxiliar, ya que usamos el verbo to be:

Are you watching TV? (¿Estás viendo la televisión?)

He is not working today. (Él no está trabajando hoy).

Conversation

Ana: What are you doing right now?

Roberto: I am eating lunch at a café near my office. What are you doing?

A: I am walking to the gym. It is very sunny today.